First-lineMacrobid

Nitrofurantoin

Nitrofuran antibiotic

First-line UTI in T1/T2; avoid at term.

Oral

First-line for

  • Lower UTI / asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy

Mechanism

Reduced by bacterial nitroreductase → reactive intermediates damage DNA/ribosomes.

Nitro avoid: 'last weeks + G6PD'

  • Avoid ≥36/40 — neonatal haemolysis
  • Avoid G6PD deficiency
  • Avoid eGFR <45

Dosing

UTI
100 mg MR PO BD ×7 days (or 50 mg QDS)

Contraindications

  • AbsoluteTerm (≥36/40) / labour / neonate <3 mo
  • AbsoluteG6PD deficiency, eGFR <45

Side effects

  • Nausea, brown urine
  • Pulmonary fibrosis / hepatitis (chronic use)
  • Peripheral neuropathy

Fetal & maternal notes

  • Safe T1/T2; risk of haemolytic anaemia if used at delivery.

Key interactions

  • Antacids (Mg)

    Caution

    ↓ absorption

  • Quinolones

    Caution

    Antagonism

Clinical pearls

  • 💡 Not for pyelonephritis (poor tissue levels).
  • 💡 Trimethoprim alternative — avoid T1.

Content last reviewed: REPLACE_ME (e.g. 2026-07)

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For educational use only

Not medical advice. Verify dosing against the BNF and your local trust guidelines before prescribing.